The Accelerator
The Accelerator is the internal device realised by PLD. Almost all configurations of Sprinter include the Accelerator with different sets of commands. Below we described the Accelerator for Sprinter Configuration.
The Accelerator serves for acceleration of data blocks transfer as fast as possible (today, up to a physical speed limit of the RAM). The Accelerator supports data blocks transfer of RAM and Video-RAM. And it is not supports data blocks transfer of ROM and FastRAM.
The Accelerator allows:
- fast filling of horizontal or vertical screen line of 1-256 pixels by one color (in 640x256 mode - one/double horizontal line of 1-512 pixels).
- fast copying of horizontal or vertical screen line of 1-256 pixels (in 640x256 mode - horizontal line of 1-512 pixels).
- use AND, OR and XOR operations with data blocks.
The Accelerator has 256 bytes of memory that used for the data transfers. This Accelerator memory is a part of PLD internal memory. Data transfer begin when you load that data block to the Accelerator memory. Next that block is copying to the selected part of RAM. Last operation can be repeated as often as you need. It is a way for filling the screen by textures.
Another mode is used for filling a screen by one color. The screen is filling by one byte from CPU bus.
For control the Accelerator from a program use following CPU commands:
LD B, B - Switch the Accelerator off.
LD D, D - Switch the Accelerator in the mode of load a byte of block size.
Next command is "LD A, dat" where "dat" is a new block size.
LD C, C - Switch the Accelerator to filling by one byte mode for horizontal line.
Next command "LD (HL), A" will fill all bytes by value of A.
LD E, E - Switch the Accelerator to filling by one byte mode for vertical line.
LD H, H - Reserved.
LD L, L - Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode for horizontal line of the screen.
Next command "LD A, (HL)" will fill the Accelerator memory by value of (HL).
And the command "LD (DE), A" will copy the data from the Accelerator memory to RAM or to VideoRAM.
LD A, A - Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode for vertical line of the screen.
The following program will copy data from the first screen to the second screen. It takes nearly two interrupts (1,2 INT).Additional functions of the Accelerator (AND, OR, XOR) is available too.Code: Select all
; display page was opened from the #C000 already LD HL,#C000 ; Address of the beginning of a line of first screen LD DE,#C180 ; Address of the beginning of a line of second screen LD BC,#140 ; The width of the screen DI ; Disable interrupt LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode LD A,0 ; Set block size to 256 bytes LD A,A ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a graphic data block mode LDIR ; Copying LD B,B ; Switch the Accelerator off EI ; Enable interrupt
The following program is coding 256 bytes block.The speed of the Accelerator is limited only by physical speed of RAM. To define an time of the command's work with the Accelerator it's possibleby next formula:Code: Select all
LD HL,ADRES_1 LD DE,XOR_DAT DI LD D,D LD A,0 ; Number of bytes which must be encoded LD L,L LD A,(DE) ; Load data block to the Accelerator memory XOR (HL) ; XOR LD (HL),A ; Load result to RAM LD B,B EI
Time of work = time of work without the Accelerator + time of the Acelerator work.
Time of the Acelerator work = number of bytes / 7000000.
Note: disable interrupt during the Accelerator work!
Examples of usage the Accelerator.
Code: Select all
;************************** ; Interrupt - enable ; Stack, Program & Data - in (8000h..BFFFh) ; Video-RAM - in (C000h..FFFFh) ; Video-Data - (0000h..BFFFh) ; ; Screen_offset EQU 0C000h ; or 0C140h for second grafic screen Video_Data EQU *** ; 0000h..BFFFh Color_for_fill EQU *** ; 0..255 Horizontal_offset EQU *** ; 0...319 Vertical_offset EQU *** ; 0...255 Horizontal_size EQU *** ; 1...256 Vertical_size EQU *** ; 1...256 ;************************** Open_video_page: IN A,(PORT_Y) LD (SAVE_PY),A ; save port_y IN A,(PAGE3) LD (SAVE_PG3),A ; save page3 LD A,50h ; Use 50h for normal mode ; 54h for "no copy in main shadow RAM" mode ; 58h for "FF is transparent" mode ; 5Ch for "no copy in main shadow RAM" and ; "FF is transparent" mode OUT (PAGE3),A RET SAVE_PG3: DB 0FFh SAVE_PY: DB 0C0h ;************************** Close_video_page: LD A,(SAVE_PG3) OUT (PAGE3),A LD A,(SAVE_PY) OUT (PORT_Y),A RET ;************************** Horizontal_Line_copy: LD HL,Video_Data LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset LD A,Vertical_Offset OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset DI LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode LD A,Horizontal_size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only! ; !!! not ld A,C !!! LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator LD L,L ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode LD A,(HL) ; Get data line LD (DE),A ; Put data line LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator EI RET ;************************** Vertical_Line_copy: LD HL,Video_Data LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset LD A,Vertical_Offset OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset DI LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode LD A,Vertical_size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only! ; !!! not ld A,C !!! LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator LD A,A ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a graphic data block mode LD A,(HL) ; Get data line LD (DE),A ; Put data line LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator EI RET ;************************** Horizontal_Line_Fill: LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset LD A,Vertical_Offset OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset DI LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode LD A,Horizontal_size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only! ; !!! not ld A,C !!! LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator LD A,Color_for_fill LD C,C ; Switch the Accelerator to filling by one byte mode LD (DE),A ; Put line of color LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator EI RET ;************************** Vertical_Line_Fill: LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset LD A,Vertical_Offset OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset DI LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode LD A,Vertical_size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only! ; !!! not ld A,C !!! LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator LD A,Color_for_fill LD E,E ; Switch the Accelerator to filling by one byte mode LD (DE),A ; Put line of color LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator EI RET ;************************** Draw_Restangle_Data: LD HL,Video_Data LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset LD A,Vertical_Offset OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset LD B,Vertical_size ; 0 is 256 LD C,Horizontal_Size ; 0 is 256 DI LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode LD A,Horizontal_Size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only! ; !!! not ld A,C !!! LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator EI drd_loop: DI LD L,L ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode LD A,(HL) ; Get data line LD (DE),A ; Put data line LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator EI LD A,C ; Next line data AND A JR Z,drd_inc ADD A,L LD L,A JR NC,drd_no_inc drd_inc: INC H drd_no_inc: IN A,(PORT_Y) ; Next line INC A OUT (PORT_Y),A DJNZ drd_loop ; Loop RET ;************************** Draw_Restangle_Fill: LD HL,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset LD A,Vertical_Offset OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset LD B,Vertical_size ; 0 is 256 DI LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode LD A,Horizontal_Size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only! ; !!! not ld A,C !!! LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator EI LD C,Color_for_fill IN A,(PORT_Y) drf_loop: DI LD L,L ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode LD (HL),C ; Put data line LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator EI INC A OUT (PORT_Y),A DJNZ drf_loop ; Loop RET ;************************** ;**************************
The Accelerator (2003)
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The Accelerator (2003)
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